SPACE OF KNOWLEDGE

Time is determined by the pulsation of the things, their waxing and waning. All things come into being every moment anew. They appear, they interact with other things. Without that they would never exist.

A thing does not appear but in its interactions. These determine its existence, its extent, its space. And its time: every interaction, every appearance of a thing, is a new moment in time.

If everything changes continually between to be and not to be, between on and off, then the idea of completely different (“parallel”, so to speak) times is anything but absurd.

The gap is not, it does not exist, it just becomes effective as a transition from one state to another.*(1) Observed from another time continuum that pulses in a totally different rhythm, however, a lot of time may have passed between those different states. Or several periods are wholly skipped.

The same pulsation that appears as the constant ticking of clocks defining the time in one continuum may perform in another time continuum a complex rhythmic pattern. If ever; perhaps it will never be recognizable as anything regular; maybe there is absolutely nothing.

There can be found a lot of different notions and concepts of “time”; this term is used in many ways — not necessarily always in connection with clocks.

Very often it is associated with terms like “past”, “presence”, and “future”. These may apply to a certain point at the time scale defined by clocks. But the underlying concept they refer to does not generally imply exact measuring; it is not about distinct periods of time.

Sometimes past and future are just kind of directions, seen from a certain spot, the time being, the presence, now. But in general, there is meant to exist an essential distinction, the two terms referring to completely different qualities.

There is an intimate relation to knowledge: the past is principally known (or at least knowable), while the future is generally (still) unknown.

In this sense, presence is the passage from not knowing to knowing. So knowledge is being created, at every moment. In every interaction. Through activity.

Clocks serve for synchronization. They are used to coordinate different processes so that these mesh as smoothly as possible. Like the gears of a clock. Or of any other mechanical device.

Clocks are highly responsible for generating the pulse of the mechanical age. They induce their rhythm on everything; so they dominate our life more than normally known. We stick to their space — thinking that this is the most natural thing in the world.

Sometimes it appears as if we live just for the sake of the clocks and all the other machines. Their continual reproduction seems to be the ultimate reason for being.

This is quite typical for the space of a thing, for a space of knowledge. We cannot exist but inside of one. And none of them leaves us untouched.

Strictly speaking, every thing has its own time, namely its own rhythm of renewing. This rhythm is part of what we call the thing’s space. Now then, since the spaces of various things penetrate one another — which mostly occurs as interaction — their rhythms influence one another as well. So the respective things pulsate synchronously. As far as they are capable; if not, they do not take place, they do not actualize themselves in this particular space-time environment.

A thing appears by exerting some effect on another thing — which thus itself may be stimulated to affect another one — and so on. In this way, things are, under appropriate circumstances, able to activate (and maybe synchronize) one another continually.

The past is regarded as definite, as unchangeable. Exactly for that reason it is principally knowable, and so, in a wider sense, knowledge.

We make it become actual knowledge in detecting and collecting remnants of past events, traces allowing us to reconstruct those events, to get a picture of what did happen.

All that happens leaves some traces. It is reflected somewhere. It changes something.

Knowledge is a kind of frozen activity. Solidified, definite, past.

Very often we want to know what will happen in the future. This is probably the main purpose of knowledge: to foresee the outcome of certain events and of possible doings. So that we are able to do the right things at the right time in order to achieve the best results.

It is generally assumed that the outcome of many processes is predictable (as long as nothing unforeseeable comes in the way). So, in a sense, these processes are already done. They are past, pieces of the past.

That is why we study past events: to gather more and more pieces of that kind, pieces that are certain, pieces of knowledge. These shall help us to build the future that we want.

Every moment is a moment of interaction and of creation of knowledge: every moment is a moment of perception, a moment of observation.

Our various determinations of moments of time refer to physical realities that give meaning to the notion of time in physical sciences. These realities are always already implied when physics speaks of “time”, but they have hardly been registered yet.

Not only the activity (the interaction) is physically real, but also that what is called “knowledge” here. In the sense that activity causes a change and that this change is a persistent expression of the activity. The activity is stored in the change, so to speak.

The transition from one momentary state to another is a momentary state by itself. Interaction between two things is a thing of its own. In its own space, which, like any other space, does not pass.

Spaces do not have to pass, they do not displace one another, but rather superpose each other, penetrate mutually. There is plenty of space in the space of knowledge, enough for all of them.

So knowledge can exist forever, as space, which, the moment it is activated, generates the corresponding things.

Clocks are extremely important for physics. Physics has not even been possible before the development of reliable reproducible time-measuring devices. From the beginning, the particular notion of time coming along with them has crucial impact on physical theory — and thus on the conception of physical reality.

A reality that is basically intransigent, cold, soulless, ultimately senseless. Things take their course — and besides there is nothing. Yes, the things themselves are irrelevant, and all the more those being alive, thinking, feeling. The hands of the clocks step monotonously forward (even if there are no hands and no clocks).

In newer physics, especially in the theory of relativity, time plays a role quite different from that in classical mechanics. It is no longer the universal, the absolute one. It can only be specified relatively, relative to the frame of reference, which, at first, in special relativity, is determined only by its motion; later, in general relativity, other physical properties are added. After all, it are the physical objects, the things, that have direct influence on the course of time.

This effect, however, is seldom stated explicitly. The fact that even the run of clocks is essentially dependent on the things and on the particular view these things give focus to is occasionally mentioned, but mostly encrypted and instantly disguised behind rather esoteric (for non-initiated not understandable) mathematical equations. It threatens the claim to universality of the laws of physics, which apparently ought not to be abandoned.